Metal casting is a diverse industry. Different metals are cast by many different processes, for many different applications. One of the earliest metal working methods, metal casting has been used for centuries people all over the world. Cast metal products and processes offer advantages unavailable from products made by other metal forming and fabricating techniques. The industry's future is based upon these advantages. Prehistoric casting was completed by carving an impression of the implement into the flat surface of a large stone. A groove was cut from the edge of the stone to the carved form, serving as a sprue, or vent. Another flat stone was placed on top forming a container, and the molten bronze or copper was poured in through the sprue. Lost wax casting, also known as circ perdue was possibly used as early as 5000 BC in India. Many civilizations seem to have developed the same basic methods from the Greeks and Romans, to the Egyptians and Chinese. With the Industrial Revolution came improvements in materials and methods, which improved the certainty of a successful casting.
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